Russel Norman

Gore and the judge

by Russel Norman

Al Gore has been in the news for two quite different reasons. He jointly received the Nobel peace prize, along with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and a High Court judge in the UK said that while his movie was largely accurate there were nine inaccuracies. It is this second element that interests me.

Probably the most important issue is the relationship between temperature and carbon dioxide. Gore’s movie gave the impression that, in the past 650,000 years or so, CO2 increases led to the warming at the end of glacial periods. Whereas it seems more likely that increases in CO2 lagged the initial warming at the end of the glacial periods, and then acted as an amplifier of the warming.

The overall pattern of warming and cooling was most likely driven by Milankovitch cycles. These cycles describe the changing relationship between the Earth and the sun, as the Earth’s orbit, tilting and wobbling varies over periods of tens of thousands of years. This results in changes in the amount of solar radiation reaching Earth (This should not be confused with the argument around solar variability being the reason for recent temperature changes – this has been debunked and I blogged about it previously).

But the Milankovitch cycles don’t explain the magnitude of the temperature change, which is much larger than the changes in solar radiation would produce. The likely positive feedbacks are Co2 and ice. As temperatures creep up, CO2 is released (possibly from the ocean) and ice retreats, both resulting in higher temperatures. The important point is that CO2 does produce warming and the warming we saw in the twentieth century was not due to increased solar radiation but due to the accumulation of CO2 (see New Scientist for more info).

The second issue is the extent of sea level rise. The judge disputed comments in the film about sea level rise. It’s worth recalling that the IPCC latest report only went for 59cm rise by 2100, BUT specifically excluded ice dynamics from their projection as they said there was too much uncertainty. But as I blogged about previously there are respected scientists who suggest that there are real risks of very significant sea level rise this century. Gore was right to raise this danger.

There are some other issues in the judge’s ruling that are well dealt with by the New Scientist article which concludes:

For my part, I would say that strictly speaking, Gore oversimplified certain points, made a few factual errors and, at times, chose the wrong poster child (Mount Kilimanjaro should have been replaced by any number of Alaskan or Andean glaciers, for instance). It’s unfortunate, but it remains the most comprehensive popular documentary on climate change science I have seen.

Published in Environment & Resource Management by Russel Norman on Sat, October 13th, 2007   

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